Jyoti Kumari Jyotshna

Using an unbalanced district-level panel of major millet-producing states from ICRISAT and the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (1966–2015), we estimate two-way fixed-effects models of the productivity of total millets, kharif and rabi sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet. Responses to climate differ sharply across crops: higher temperatures reduce yields of total millets, pearl millet and finger millet, while water deficit hurts both sorghums and pearl millet. A negative temperature–irrigation interaction indicates that irrigation alone does not offset heat stress. Even "climate-resilient" crops therefore call for crop-specific adaptation strategies.

An announced MSP is not a guaranteed price. Using crop-level sale records from the NSS 77th Round Situation Assessment Survey (2018–19), I compare how far farm-gate prices fall below the MSP for millets (jowar, bajra, ragi) and for paddy and wheat. With survey weights, state fixed effects, a three-fold Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition and median regressions, millet sales realise prices about 19.6 percentage points further below the MSP than cereal sales after controls, and roughly nine-tenths of the raw gap is not explained by farmer characteristics. The shortfall points to thin procurement and market linkages for millets, which price policy must address if it is to support millet-led diversification.

Using annual data for India and an ARDL bounds-testing framework, this paper examines how political competition, per-capita disposable income, government revenue expenditure and broad money relate to renewable energy consumption in the short and long run. Political competition is associated with lower renewable energy use, consistent with policy uncertainty deterring long-horizon investment, while public revenue expenditure is a significant positive driver.